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Major Gas Leak Reveals Risks of Aging Gas Storage Wells in Pennsylvania
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Overview
Following an enormous gas leak in Jackson Township, Cambria County, Pennsylvania, we mapped oil and gas storage wells and fields throughout the state and found that the majority of Pennsylvania’s storage wells were drilled prior to 1979, making them most vulnerable to well failures.
A well in Cambria County, Pennsylvania has released an estimated1.4 billion cubic feet (bcf)of methane after two weeks of uncontrolled emissions. On November 20, 2022, after leaking for over two weeks, the well’s operator, Equitrans Midstream, was finally able to plug the well.
Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas that warms the Earth’s atmosphere quicker than carbon dioxide. The Rager Mountain gas leak is equivalent to emissions from burning over7,200 tanker trucks of gasoline.In addition to being a climate disaster, uncontrolled methane emissions can causefires, explosions, and fatalities.
The George L Reade 1 well is one of several active storage wells in the Rager Mountain Gas Storage Facility, an underground depleted gas field (Figure 1).Residents milesfrom the site reported that the noise from the well was as loud as a jet plane taking off, and that the air was thick with a sulfur-smell.
Figure 1.A map of George L Reade 1 well, which leaked over a billion cubic feet of methane into the atmosphere. The well is in the Rager Mountain Gas Storage Facility in Jackson Township, Cambria County.A recent PA DEP inspection reportstated that the gas was escaping from the annulus of the well, which is the space between the inner and outer casing.
Old and Repurposed Storage Wells
The 1.4 bcf-leak at the Rager Mountain facility leak will go in Pennsylvania’s record books. It’s being compared to the largest methane leak in U.S. history, which was from a 2016 failure at a natural gas storage well inthe Aliso Canyon natural gas storage field. That incident released 4.6 billion cubic feet of methane, forcing thousands to evacuate and causing an array of health impacts for the surrounding community.
In the case of both leaks, the failed wells were old: the George L Reade 1 well was drilled in 1965, and the Aliso Canyon well was drilled in 1954. These older wells were constructed during a time with fewer regulations and more primitive technology, and are more vulnerable to natural degradation forces like corrosion and cement breakdown.
Older storage wells are also more likely to be former conventional oil or gas production wells that were repurposed for storage. That’s the case with the George L Reade 1 well and the Aliso Canyon well. These repurposed wells are not designed for two-way flow, and are more likely to have a single point of failure in their design.
A 2017 study published inEnvironmental Research Lettersby Drew R Michanowiczet alrevealed the widespread risk of aging storage wells across the country, and highlighted Pennsylvania, Ohio, West Virginia, and New York as the states facing the most risk.
Michanowiczet alfound 370 repurposed wells in Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania also has the most storage fields of any state, while Ohio has the most active storage wells. The map below (Figure 2) from the studyillustrates those repurposed wells.
Figure 2.FromMichanowicz et al 2017 Environ. Res. Lett. 12 064004“Counts of repurposed wells per facility symbolized by orange markers. Of the 2715 repurposed wells shown, 2694 (99%) were constructed prior to 1979, indicating a particular likelihood to exhibit SPF [single point of failure] designs. Percent of active UGS wells missing sufficient date information is indicated at the state level by green shading. Gray markers indicate active facilities that contain at least one repurposed ‘unknown’ status well. Callout numbers represent counts of repurposed wells by state and includes active and unknown status well counts where applicable”
Mapping Gas Storage Wells in Pennsylvania
The vast majority of gas produced in Pennsylvania is extracted by fracking. After the gas is brought to Earth’s surface, a portion of it is injected back underground in rock formations for storage. The Pennsylvania DEP reports 48 active oil and gas fields in Pennsylvania, ranging from 2,000 to 8,000 feet deep, and data from the US Energy Information Administration, mapped below, shows 49.
The well that leaked was part of the Rager Mountain Storage Facility, a depleted gas field in the Oriskany Sandstone formation. Nearly all of the storage fields in Pennsylvania are depleted gas fields, although salt domes and aquifers are also used for storage in other states.
Data from the PA DEP reveals that there are 1,892 storage wells in the state, and 77% of them are listed as active.
Figure 3.Status of Pennsylvania’s oil and gas storage wells, as of November 2022. Data Source: PA DEP,via PASDA
Pennsylvania Oil and Gas Storage Wells and Field
This interactive map looks at the locations of gas fields, as well as gas storage wells. The George L Reade 1 well is starred on the map as well.
View the map “Details” tab below in the top right corner to learn more and access the data, or click on the map to explore the dynamic version of this data. Data sources are also listed at the end of this article.
In order to turn layers on and off in the map, use the Layers drop-down menu. This tool is only available in Full Screen view.
Items will activate in this map dependent on the level of zoom in or out.
View Full Size Map| Updated 11/21/2022 |vwin918.com德赢娱乐网
The Pennsylvania county with the highest number of storage wells is Potter, followed by Westmoreland, Greene, Washington, then McKean.
如前所述,岁哦,确定by the date a well is drilled (called spud date) plays a factor in the well’s integrity. This dataset is missing spud dates for many of its wells: 1,088 of the wells have spud dates 01/01/1800, which is“a system generateddate to identify those wells that, based upon DEP’s records, appear to have beendrilled, but for which DEP does not have a spud date on file,” and another 39 wells do not have any spud date listed. That leaves 764 storage wells with spud dates. Of those, their median age is 64 years. The graph below (Figure 4) shows the number of wells drilled per year.
Figure 4.Graph of storage wells drilled per year in Pennsylvania, as of November 2022. Of the 1,891 wells in the state’s inventory, this graph only includes 764, and omits wells that do not have spud dates (dates indicating when the wells were drilled).
According to Michanowiczet al,repurposed wells drilled before 1979 are more likely to exhibit dangerous deficiencies, including single-point-of-failure designs. Of the 764 wells with a spud date, 588 (77%) were drilled before 1979 (given that we don’t have an accurate age for 60% of the wells, the number is likely much higher). Wells that were drilled before 1917 (of which there were 15), present an even higher risk, as that year marks the advent of cement zonal isolation techniques. While some of those wells may not be repurposed, it’s safe to say Pennsylvania’s aging storage well inventory poses major risks.
The oil and gas industry is the largest industrial source of methane in the country. Not only does methane warm our atmosphere, the leak at the Rager Mountain Storage Facility reveals startling facts about how reliant our country’s oil and gas system is on aging and obsolete infrastructure. This comes at a major risk to communities and the climate.
Two weeks ago, on November 11th atat COP27 in Sharm el Sheikh, Egypt,the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced stronger standards to cut methane pollution from the oil and gas industry. The EPA will take comments on this proposal until February 13, 2023, and will hold a virtual public hearing January 10 and 11, 2023. This is a crucial opportunity to fight for the strongest possible regulations to stop these dangerous emissions.
The Take Away
Following an enormous gas leak in Jackson Township, Cambria County, Pennsylvania, we mapped oil and gas storage wells and fields throughout the state and found that the majority of Pennsylvania’s storage wells were drilled prior to 1979, making them most vulnerable to well failures.
The oil and gas industry is the largest industrial source of methane in the country. Not only does methane warm our atmosphere, the leak at the Rager Mountain Storage Facility reveals startling facts about how reliant our country’s oil and gas system is on aging and obsolete infrastructure. This comes at a major risk to communities and the climate.
References & Where to Learn More
- 本文中使用的数据:油气位置- Conventional Unconventional – 2022 – Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection,via PASDA
- Drew R Michanowiczet al2017Environ. Res. Lett.12 064004
- A Climate Disaster – California in a State of Emergency As a Result of a Massive Natural Gas Leak
- Risks from Colorado’s Natural Gas Storage and Transmission Systems
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![destroyed home following pipeline explosion in San Bruno, CA](http://www.mixlay.com/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/San-Bruno-Aftermath-feature-image.png)
Pipelines Continue to Catch Fire and Explode
![Overhead view of injection well](http://www.mixlay.com/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Brookfield-1030x458.jpg)
The Hidden Inefficiencies and Environmental Costs of Fracking in Ohio
![](http://www.mixlay.com/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/PA-2019-Fracked-Gas-Production-Feature-1030x458.jpg)
Fracking in Pennsylvania: Not Worth It
![Captina Creek Watershed Feature](http://www.mixlay.com/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Captina-Creek-Watershed-Feature-1030x457.jpg)
Fracking Threatens Ohio’s Captina Creek Watershed
![](http://www.mixlay.com/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Newsom-Well-Watch-Feature-1030x458.jpg)
![](http://www.mixlay.com/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Oil-and-gas-drilling-in-ND.-Photo-by-Nick-Lund-NPCA-2014-feature-1030x458.jpg)
国家规定如何阻碍我们其他什么Countries are doing about Fracking
![](http://www.mixlay.com/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/2018-NYS-Oil-and-Gas-Wells-feature-image-2-1030x458.jpg)
New Method for Locating Abandoned Oil and Gas Wells is Tested in New York State
![Ohio Secret Fracking Chemicals Report](http://www.mixlay.com/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/OHSecretChem-797x1030.png)
![](http://www.mixlay.com/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Abandoned-wells-PA-feature-1030x458.png)
Abandoned Wells in Pennsylvania: We’re Not Doing Enough
![](http://www.mixlay.com/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/DSC_0624_LowRes-1030x674.jpg)
![](http://www.mixlay.com/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Cracker-Plant-2-1030x469.jpg)
The Underlying Politics and Unconventional Well Fundamentals of an Appalachian Storage Hub
![](http://www.mixlay.com/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/inglewood-field-ca-feature-1-1030x458.jpg)
Permitting New Oil and Gas Wells Under the Newsom Administration
![](http://www.mixlay.com/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Beaver-Cracker-Plant-Feature-1030x458.jpg)
Mapping the Petrochemical Build-Out Along the Ohio River
![Urban Drilling in Los Angeles](http://www.mixlay.com/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/SignalHill_DavidMcNew_GettyImages_edit.jpg)
Impact of a 2,500′ Oil and Gas Well Setback in California
![](http://www.mixlay.com/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Washington-County-Rig-2-1030x458.jpg)
Production and Location Trends in PA: A Moving Target
![](http://www.mixlay.com/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/PipelineConstructionFeature-1030x458.png)
The Falcon Public Monitoring Project
![](http://www.mixlay.com/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/YouAreHereMap2-1030x458.png)
Release: The 2019 You Are Here map launches, showing New York’s hurdles to climate leadership
![https://www.kvpr.org/post/dormant-risky-new-state-law-aims-prevent-problems-idle-oil-and-gas-wells](http://www.mixlay.com/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/IdleWellsHathaway_resize.jpg)
Idle Wells are a Major Risk
![DOGGR](http://www.mixlay.com/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/chevron-surface-expression_resize.jpg)
Literally Millions of Failing, Abandoned Wells
![](http://www.mixlay.com/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/KSOKNE-Injection-Wells-1030x458.png)
![](http://www.mixlay.com/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PipelineConstructionPA.png)
The Growing Web of Oil and Gas Pipelines
![destroyed home following pipeline explosion in San Bruno, CA](http://www.mixlay.com/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/San-Bruno-Aftermath-feature-image.png)
![](http://www.mixlay.com/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/SWD_PA2-1030x458.png)
Getting Rid of All of that Waste – Increasing Use of Oil and Gas Injection Wells in Pennsylvania
![Bird's eye view of an injection well (oil and gas waste disposal)](http://www.mixlay.com/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/InjectionWell-Sky-Feature.jpg)
A Disturbing Tale of Diminishing Returns in Ohio
![](http://www.mixlay.com/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/UncWellsPerYear_2005_2018-1030x682.png)
Pennsylvania Drilling Trends in 2018
216 Franklin St, Suite 400, Johnstown, PA 15901
Phone: +1 (717) 303-0403 | info@fractracker.org
FracTracker Alliance is a 501(c)3 non-profit: Tax identification number: 80-0844297
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